宏刻论文：《随机需求下生鲜电商供应链物流合作与运营决策》

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今天小编为大家带来《随机需求下生鲜电商供应链物流合作与运营决策》

生鲜电商利润和订货量分析与图像绘制。

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本期推文阅读时长大约5分钟，请您耐心阅读。

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Dear you,

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Today I bring you "Fresh produce e-commerce supply chain logistics cooperation and operation decision under random demand

Fresh produce e-commerce profit and order quantity analysis and image drawing.

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The reading time of this tweet is about 5 minutes, please read it with patience.

内容摘要

本期推文将通过思维导图，复刻论文内容，知识补充三个板块，复刻来自于中国管理科学期刊的期刊论文《随机需求下生鲜电商供应链物流合作与运营决策》生鲜电商利润和订货量分析与图像绘制。

In this issue, we will review the journal paper "Supply chain logistics cooperation and operation decision of fresh produce e-commerce under random demand" from the Chinese Journal of Management Science through three panels: mind map, replication of the paper content, and knowledge supplement, and fresh produce e-commerce profit and order quantity analysis and image drawing.

思维导图

关于生鲜电商利润和订货量分析与图像绘制的思维导图如下：

A mind map on fresh produce e-commerce profit and order volume analysis and image drawing is as follows:

精读内容

首先绘制图像需要得到相关的关系函数，观察文章图2生鲜电商及其合作企业利润变化与产品订货量可以看到Z是自变量，同时β分别为0.5和0.7，α这里为0.5，在分析市场对价格的敏感度时候才会用到0.6。

First of all plotting the image needs to get the relevant relationship function, observe the article Figure 2 fresh produce e-commerce and its partner companies profit change and product order quantity can see Z is the independent variable, while β is 0.5 and 0.7 respectively, α is 0.5 here, 0.6 is used only when analyzing the sensitivity of the market to price.

然后使用mathematic软件得到赋值后的关系函数，拿独立模式的电商利润结果举例，mathematica代码和最后简化的结果如下。

Then use the mathematic software to get the relationship function after the assignment, take the independent model of e-commerce profit results for example, the mathematica code and the final simplified results are as follows.

再求解出β等于0.7时候的函数，修改β数值即可：

Then solve the function when β is equal to 0.7, and modify the value of β to:

使用同样的操作将供应商合作模式和电商合作模式的函数也求出来，然后使用matlab软件将图像绘制，小编使用了蓝色绘制图像，观看起来结果更明显。

Using the same operation will be the supplier cooperation model and e-commerce cooperation model function also to find out, and then use matlab software to plot the image, I used the blue drawing image, viewing the results more obvious.

可以看到图像基本一样，不过在β为0.7的时候，电商合作模式的利润曲线与原文不完全一致，而且其他结果完全一直，很可能是原作者自己调整一些参数。

最后作者对生鲜电商及其合作企业利润的变化进行了管理学上的分析，认为1.订货量低可以避免产品积压库存，生鲜电商及其合作企业利润相对高，订货量高产生积压成本，生鲜电商及其合作企业利润随着订货量的增大而降低。2.相对独立模式，供应商合作和电商合作模式可以适当提高订货量水平。

It can be seen that the images are basically the same, although the profit curve of the e-commerce cooperative model is not exactly the same as the original article when β is 0.7, and the other results are exactly the same, most likely the original authors adjusted some parameters by themselves.

Finally, the authors analyze the changes in profits of fresh produce e-commerce and its cooperative enterprises in terms of management, and conclude that 1. low order quantity can avoid product backlog inventory, and profits of fresh produce e-commerce and its cooperative enterprises are relatively high; high order quantity generates backlog costs, and profits of fresh produce e-commerce and its cooperative enterprises decrease as order quantity increases. 2. relative to the independent model, supplier cooperation and e-commerce cooperative model can appropriately increase Order quantity level.

知识补充

文章提到了积压成本，小编由此想到了库存成本的构成，小编带大家了解一下库存的成本结构。

库存成本的构成一般可分为以下三个主要部分：

库存持有成本

库存持有成本即为保有和管理库存而需承担的费用开支。具体可分为运行成本，机会成本和风险成本三个方面。运行成本主要包括了仓储成本，自营型的仓库体现为建造仓库的固定投资费用，外包型的仓库则体现为仓库的租金，此外，运行成本还包括仓库中的设备投资成本和日常运作费用(水、电、人工等)。

机会成本主要是库存所占用的资全所能带来的机会成本，库存作为企业的资产是通过占用企业的流动盗金而获得的，而任何企业都有其一定的资金投资回报率，即库存占用的资金如果不用于库存而去经营其它投资所能获得的平均收益，企业因为要持有一定的库存而丧失了流动资金所能带来的投资收益，即为库存的机会成本。

风险成本顾名恩义则是从风险的角度出发来考虑的，首先是保险费用，为了减少库存的损失，大多数的企业会为其库存的安全保险，其费用就是库存成本。同时企业可能会应为库存的不合理存放而造成损耗或报废，例如食品过期、 存放过程中破损、失窃等等，这些同样是库存的风险成本。

库存获得成本

库存的获得成本是指企业为了得到库存市需承担的或用，抛开库存的本身价值，如果库存是通过购买而获得，则获得成本体现为订货成本，与供应商之间的通信联系费用、货物的运输或用等等。如库存是企业自己生产的，则获得成本体现为生产准备成本，即企业为生产一批货物而进行的生产线改线的费用.

厍存缺货成本

库存缺货成本,简而言之就是由库存供应中断造成的损失，包括原材料供应中造成的停工损失产成品库存缺货造成的延迟发货损失和销售机会带来的损失，企业来用紧急购买解决库存的中断而紧急购买成本等等。

The article mentions backlog costs, from which I think of the composition of inventory costs, and I take you through the cost structure of inventory.

The composition of inventory cost can be generally divided into three main parts as follows:

Inventory holding cost

Inventory holding cost is the cost of keeping and managing inventory. It can be divided into three aspects: running cost, opportunity cost and risk cost. Running costs mainly include the cost of warehousing, self-owned warehouses are reflected in the fixed investment costs of building warehouses, outsourcing warehouses are reflected in the rent of the warehouse, in addition, running costs also include the cost of investment in equipment and daily operating costs of the warehouse (water, electricity, labor, etc.).

Opportunity cost is mainly the opportunity cost of inventory occupied by the capital can bring, inventory as an enterprise asset is obtained by occupying the enterprise"s liquid theft money, and any enterprise has its certain return on capital investment, that is, inventory occupied funds if not used for inventory and to operate other investment can be obtained by the average return, the enterprise because to hold a certain inventory and the loss of liquidity can bring The opportunity cost of inventory is the return on investment.

The cost of risk, as the name implies, is considered from the point of view of risk, starting with the cost of insurance. In order to reduce the loss of inventory, most companies insure the safety of their inventory, and the cost is the cost of inventory. At the same time, the cost of inventory is also the cost of risk, as it may be caused by the loss or scrap of inventory, such as foodstuffs that expire, breakage or theft during storage.

Inventory Acquisition Costs

The acquisition cost of inventory is the cost that a company needs to bear in order to get the inventory. If the inventory is purchased, the acquisition cost is the cost of ordering, the cost of communication with the supplier, the cost of transporting the goods, and so on. If the inventory is produced by the company itself, the acquisition cost is reflected in the production preparation cost, i.e. the cost of rerouting the production line of the company to produce a batch of goods.

Cush inventory out-of-stock cost

Inventory out-of-stock cost, in short, is the loss caused by the interruption of inventory supply, including the loss of raw materials supply caused by downtime loss of finished goods inventory out-of-stock caused by delayed delivery loss and loss of sales opportunities, the enterprise to solve the interruption of inventory with emergency purchases and emergency purchase costs, etc.

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参考资料：DeepL翻译，知乎，百度

参考文献：崔鑫,李春发,周驰,米新新,沈瑶.随机需求下生鲜电商供应链物流合作与运营决策[J/OL].中国管理科学:1-15[2023-02-05].

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